070-450, Pro - Designing, Optimizing and Maintaining a Database Administrative Solution Using Microsoft SQL Server 2008
SQL Server Configuration Manager: all SQL Services and what protocol is used
SQL Server Management Studio: Managing your SQL server
Terminology;
Column | Domain |
Row | Entity or Record |
More than one row | Record Set |
RDBMS | Relational DataBase Management System |
DML | ANSI SQL |
DDL | Data Definition Language |
Purpose of SQL:
- Network
- management
- storage
- code/triggers/reports
Each vendor comes up with their own variant of the SQL Language, Microsofts is Transact-SQL (T-SQL)
Data is organized in Pages, each page is max. 8KB but when you don't have enough space you can point to another Page = BLOB (Tekst or Binary data), 250 KB or less OR pointing to a(nother) file = FILESTREAM (2 GB!!)
A file(stream) does not live in an MDF or NDF file so when making a backup you have to backup these files. BLOBs live in different pages (and exist therefore in MDF or NDF)
A Transaction log is a kind of TO DO list. The only time in SQL that you really lose data is if you lose a database file AND the Transaction log file. Therefore keep your log file on a separate disk or backup the Transaction logs more times a day
Index;
- Clustered Index (in order)
- Non-Clustered Index
- "Covering Index"
DML;
DDL;
Lesson 3
You can run more SQL Instances on 1 physical machine
If you do not specify a servername\SQL Instance you will be connected to the default instance.
You need different instances to have different serverwide configurations (security), another reason is for stability (CPU - Memory for specific instance)
Resources:
Every instance needs a certain amount of these physical resources
You have SQL Services which are machine wide and you have SQL services per instance
Per Instance;
- SQL Database
- SQL Agent
- Reporting
- Analysis
For security reasons (best practices), every service should be running under a different domain account
Per machine;
- Full-Tekst
- Browser
- Integration
msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc281953.aspx
By default you have an MDF and an LDF file and sometimes you will have an NDF-file (secondary MDF file)
File Placement strategies, its all about performance and reliability
Put your LDF (t-log) on a separate disk!!
OS files on their own disk
SQL Server program files on their own disk (or SQL Program files and OS files on one disk)
MDF files
NDF files (more)
MDF+NDF (Filegroup)
Filestream (large blocks of data out of the database itself) - separate files on a NTFS file - they do need to be backed up!!!
Lesson 4
Why more instances?
- Stability
- Security; An instance is like a Forest , its the security boundary.
- Performance
- Configuration (for example Windows or SQL Authentication mode)
- Compliance (separate instance for security/auditing/backup and restore/ db config)
Be carefull for TOO MANY INSTANCES!
Start with a single instance
Storage;
OS/SQL on Mirror or RAID5
The more physical drives used, the better (to spread the files)
LDF files on separate disk(s)!!!!
Security;
Windows authentication
Mixed Authentication (Windows and SQL)
Availability;
Storage: log files separate from MDF
Use Windows Clustering, Windows Clustering needs to be installed on al the nodes
Learn Windows Clustering!!!
Lesson 5
Installing SQL 2008
Pre -Reqs: .NET Framework 3.5 = right WIndows Edition
Installation: Setup files
What to install
Service Accounts
Collation
Authentication Mode
Data directories
FIlestreaming
Analysis
Reporting
After installation check SQL Server Configuration
Check the services
Check the Protocols